Ukubaluleka kweekhemikhali zokucocwa kwamanzi kuMazwe asaphuhlayo

Kutheni le nto imichiza yokucocwa ngaManzi kwiZizwe eziPhuhlayo?  

Amanzi abalulekile kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Wonke umntu kufuneka abe nofikelelo kumanzi okusela acocekileyo nakhuselekileyo ukuze ahlale esempilweni. Ihlabathi elisakhasayo likoyisa njani ukunqongophala kwamanzi kwizigidi zabantu ezingenawo amanzi acocekileyo kumazwe asakhasayo? Kwiindawo apho amanzi eyimveliso exabisekileyo, abemi badla ngokubhenela ekuseleni amanzi angacocwanga okanye angcolisekileyo anokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu zempilo. Njenge, Iikhemikhali zokunyanga amanzi ngo-DEVELOP zibalulekile kumazwe asakhasayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umhlali uyakwazi ukusela amanzi acocekileyo nakhuselekileyo. 

Izinto eziluncedo kwiMichiza yoNyango lwaManzi:

Olu hlobo lweekhemikhali lufunyenwe luluncedo ngeendlela ezininzi zokuphuhlisa imimandla. Ukuqala, bancedisa ukuphelisa ukungcola kunye nokungcola okwenzeka ngokwemvelo okanye kuveliswa njengemveliso eyenziwa ngabantu njengebhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, isinyithi kunye neekhemikhali ezivela kwimithombo yamanzi. Le nkqubo ibalulekile ekuhlambulukeni kwamanzi okusela. Zikwavumela ukwenza incasa yamanzi ibengcono kwaye igcina umgangatho wesiselo sakho ulungile. Njengoko amanzi ecocwa ngemichiza, aphelelwa yinkunkuma kwaye alungele zonke iintlobo zemisebenzi yasekhaya enjengokucoca ukutya okanye izitya.  

Iikhemikhali zokunyanga amanzi: IiNgcebiso zeNoveli

Ishishini lokucocwa kwamanzi kumazwe asakhasayo libone izinto ezintsha ezintsha kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo. Ezi nkqubela phambili ziquka ukuyilwa kweekhemikhali ezintsha zokucocwa kwamanzi eziyilwe ukuba zibe netyhefu encinane kunye nokukwazi ukukhupha izinto ezingcolisa amanzi kwimithombo yamanzi ahlaziyekileyo. Ukongeza, uphuhliso lobuchwephesha bokugxotha amanzi obulungele imeko-bume kunye nenkqubela phambili kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kunye neemveliso ezimbalwa eziphuma ngaphandle zikhokelele ekuncitshisweni kwempembelelo yeenyawo ngokwemiqathango yokufaneleka kokusingqongileyo ngokunjalo. 

Iikhemikhali eziKhuselekileyo nezingenabungozi ngaManzi:

Kumazwe asakhasayo, ingqwalasela ngenyameko kukhuseleko lwemichiza yokucoca amanzi nayo ibalulekile. Ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali ezikhuselekileyo nezisebenzayo kwiinkqubo zokucoca kubalulekile kuba ukuba akwenziwanga ngononophelo, imithombo yamanzi inokudala imingcipheko yempilo engafunwayo. Xa kufikwa kwimichiza esetyenziswa kunyango lwamanzi njenge i-polyaluminium chloride unyango lwamanzi, ukukhetha iimveliso eziqinisekisiweyo ze-NSF kunyanzelekile ngakumbi okanye ngaphantsi njengoko esi satifikethi siqinisekisa ukuba imveliso ihlangabezana nemigangatho ethile yokhuseleko kunye nomgangatho ochazwe ngumbutho wesithathu. 

Ukusetyenziswa kweMichiza yoNyango lwaManzi ngobulumko

Ukucocwa kwaManzi Imichiza idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukufikeleleka kwamanzi acocekileyo nakhuselekileyo. Inkqubo iqala ngokumisela idosi efanelekileyo yokucocwa kwamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, idosi yeekhemikhali iya kuxhomekeka kumgangatho wamanzi, luhlobo kunye nobungakanani bamanzi. Ngoxa ukusetyenziswa kwawo nawuphi na umchiza beza neengozi zemvelo, ubani unokuwunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo lo mngcipheko ngokulandela ngenyameko ulwalathiso oluchazwe kuncwadi lomvelisi.  

Ukubaluleka kweMigangatho kwiMichiza yoNyango lwaManzi:

Kwiintlanga ezisebenza ngaphantsi kobuvulindlela, ubume bemichiza yokucocwa kwamanzi bubotshelelwe ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umthombo ngamnye wokusela unika amanzi agqibeleleyo nangangxengwanga alungele ukusetyenziswa ngumntu. Kufuneka uzame ukufumana umenzi okanye umthengisi othembekileyo onokukunika iimveliso ezisemgangathweni. Indlela yokufumanisa ukuba ngaba umgangatho weekhemikhali ulungile, kufuneka ziqinisekiswe ngumbutho ozimeleyo njenge-NSF.  

Ukusetyenziswa kweMichiza yoNyango lwaManzi

Iikhemikhali zokucoca amanzi zisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngamanzi kamasipala, amaziko ombane, iindawo zokucokisa kunye nemizi-mveliso yeoli kunye negesi phakathi kwezinye ezimbalwa eziqhuba imakethi ngeAsia-Pacific. Ezinye zezicelo zibandakanya ukucocwa kwamanzi ukuze asetyenziswe ekhaya, ukusetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso kunye neendlela zokulima. Iikhemikhali zokunyanga amanzi ezifana unyango lwamanzi aluminiyam sulfate ingasetyenziselwa ukunkcenkceshela amanzi kwaye incede ukuthintela izifo kwizityalo, ukuphucula izivuno zezityalo.  

Ukushwankathela, iikhemikhali zokucocwa kwamanzi zibalulekile kwihlabathi lesithathu apho zikhusela ukuselwa nokucoceka kwe-h2o. Benza kubaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo ukuba baphatha amanzi anzima, ukunceda i-sodium chloride kunye nezinto ze-potassium zithatha i-ion; bahlambulula izinto ezikuyo ezibangela izifo ezingemnandanga ebantwini ezivakalisa iimfuno zabo zemihla ngemihla njenge-H2O ecocekileyo, ecocekileyo yokusela. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhambela phambili kobugcisa bokucocwa kwamanzi kuye kwavumela ulawulo olungcono lwale michiza. Amanyathelo athembekileyo ekufuneka ethathiwe angabandakanya ukusetyenziswa komgangatho olungileyo wamachiza okucoca amanzi akhuselekileyo, alandele imiyalelo ngokusondeleyo kwaye afumane kubavelisi nababoneleli abathembekileyo.